Mammograms are a specific type of imaging that uses a low-dose X-ray system to examine the breasts, and are used to aid in the early detection and diagnosis of breast disease in women.
Mammography is considered the gold standard for the early detection of breast cancer. It can identify abnormalities such as masses, distortions or microcalcifications that may not be detectable through physical examination alone, and often detects breast cancers long before they can be found by clinical examination, ultrasound or other methods.
At a glance
- Performed on an outpatient basis
- Takes approximately 15 minutes
- 4 images, taken while standing
- Ultrasound arranged on the day if needed
How is a mammogram performed?
A specially qualified radiographer will position your breast in the mammography unit. Your breast is placed on a special platform and gradually compressed by a clear plastic plate, which spreads out the breast tissue.
Before your mammogram
- It is best to book your mammogram for a time when your breasts are least likely to be tender, which is often the week before or after your period.
- Please arrive 10 to 15 minutes before your appointment to complete the paperwork.
- Bring along any previous mammogram images so that the radiologist can compare them with your new images.
- You will be asked to complete a short questionnaire before your mammogram.
- A cotton gown will be provided for you to wear during the examination.
- Do not use any roll-on, deodorant or talcum powder on the day of your examination.
During your mammogram
- 4 X-ray images will be taken of your breasts, while you are standing.
- Your breast will be placed on a plate and compressed by a clear plastic plate in order to spread out the breast tissue.
- The X-ray unit will move above your head while the images are taken.
After your mammogram
Sometimes an ultrasound is needed to see an area of the breast tissue more clearly. If so, it will be arranged at the time of your mammogram. If there is any reason for concern, our radiologist and mammographers will discuss this with you, and any further investigations will be explained and booked for you.
Are mammograms safe?
- The benefits of mammography outweigh any possible harm from the radiation exposure. Modern machines use low radiation doses to produce breast X-rays of high image quality.
- If there is any chance that you might be pregnant, please tell your healthcare provider and the radiographer. Although the risk to the baby is likely very small, screening mammograms are not routinely done in pregnant women.
Why not just an ultrasound?
- Ultrasound is limited as a screening method, as it may not detect small areas of abnormality. It is, however, excellent for examining an abnormality seen on a mammogram.
- In patients younger than 40, ultrasound is the method of choice to evaluate an abnormal area in the breast.